LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is a protocol designed to access directory systems over TCP/IP. Because of this various databases provide an LDAP interface such as Microsoft's Active Directory, Novell's eDirectory, as well as more dedicated LDAP solutions such as OpenLDAP. Joomla! has had a native LDAP library (joomla.client.ldap (changed to JClientLDAP in Joomla 3.x)) and a native LDAP authentication plugin. This allows Joomla! to authenticate against LDAP systems out of the box: to configure, go to the Plugin Manager and enable and edit the Authentication - LDAP plugin. You can also read a tutorial on getting started from scratch with LDAP. Reference: http://docs.joomla.org/Glossary
Manager A user level on a Joomla site with access permissions to the back-end (via a separate log in) and some front-end privileges. Think of Manager users as Publishers, with Back-end access.
Module Modules are lightweight and flexible extensions used for page rendering. These modules are often “boxes” arranged around a component on a typical page. A well-known example is the login module. Modules are assigned per menu item, so you can decide to show or hide (for example) the login module depending on which page (menu item) the user is currently on. Some modules are linked to components: the “latest news” module, for example, links to the content component (com_content) and displays links to the newest content items. However, modules do not need to be linked to components; they don't even need to be linked to anything and can be just static HTML or text. Modules are managed in the Joomla! Administrator view by the Module Manager. Joomla default modules: Archived Articles? Articles – Newsflash Articles – Related Articles Articles – Categories Articles Category Banners? Breadcrumbs Custom HTML Random Image Search? Statistics Syndication Feeds Feed Display Footer? Language Switcher Latest News Latest Users Login? Menu? Most Read Content Weblinks Who’s Online Wrapper Reference: http://docs.joomla.org/Glossary